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== '''Welcome to Hyrel!''' ==
== '''New Users Start Here - Learn about our Equipment''' ==


With literally thousands of materials to print on the Hyrel Printer, we have broken down the list of materials into logical groups based on their printing temperature and type of head used to print them.
At Hyrel, we do things differently. Please get a feel for how Hyrel equipment works with this pdf and with these videos:


A quick intro to many of the functions of a Hyrel printer can be found '''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwrhV74NjCQ here]'''.
# '''PDF:''' [http://hyrel3d.net/instructions/t1/HYREL%203D%20-%20T1%20Training%20Session.pdf First Training Session]
# [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVyCq7CPGLg Session 1A: Hardware and Software Overview Video]
# [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tIHw_JIQAI Session 1B: Communications and Tramming Video]
# [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFATCfKJf4I Session 1C: Setting Z-Zero and Emulsifiable Print Video]


If you are planning on using the heads which photoinitiate crosslinking, make sure you specify the correct wavelength of LED for your material.
For more detailed instructions, please continue from '''[http://hyrel3d.net/wiki/index.php/Instructions#Additional_Emulsifiable_Videos this point on the Instrucions page].'''


A standard material printing data sheet has been created for many of the materials that have been internally tested; you can access this data by clicking '''[http://www.hyrel3d.com/materials/ here]'''.
== '''Experienced Users Start Here - Compare our Models''' ==


Always be sure of what material you are using, and what will be off-gassed.
Once you have an idea of how we do things, you should learn more about our different models of printer and our wide array of filament heads, emulsion/paste/liquid heads, laser options, spindle tools, and more.


Our current price list can be found '''[http://hyrel3d.net/pdfs/Hyrel_Pricelist.pdf here]'''.
1. Compare our various models with '''[http://hyrel3d.net/wiki/index.php/Overview#Comparison this chart]'''.


== '''Testimonials''' ==
2. Compare our various accessories with '''[http://hyrel3d.net/wiki/index.php/Overview#Comparison_2 this chart]'''.


We are happy to share testimonials from the following institutions:


*[http://hyrel3d.net/pdfs/GTECE-testimonial-2016.pdf School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, '''Georgia Institute of Technology''']
== '''Skeptical Users Start Here - Download and Try our Software for FREE''' ==
*[http://hyrel3d.net/pdfs/UML-testimonial-2015.pdf Bioplastics Research Center, '''University of Massachusetts, Lowell''']
*[http://hyrel3d.net/pdfs/GTME-testimonial-2015.pdf School of Materials Science and Engineering, '''Georgia Institute of Technology''']
*[http://hyrel3d.net/pdfs/AOS-testimonial-2015.pdf Tooling Division, '''AO Smith Water Products Company''']


== '''Software and Firmware''' ==
Our '''[[Repetrel]]''' Software controls all versions of our printers, as well as our in-house CNC machines and other side projects. Most of the features are explained on our '''[[Repetrel]]''' page.


Our equipment runs our proprietary '''[[Repetrel]]''' software and firmware. This was not done to be difficult, but because we didn't want to be restricted by the limitations of other printers. This is how we have the ability to adjust things like the Z position and material flow rate during a print. For a more in-depth look, please see the '''[[Repetrel]]''' page. To download and install, please see the '''[[Software]]''' page.
To try it for yourself (limited without a Hyrel printer attached), just:


== '''Hardware ''' ==
1. Install '''[http://www.hyrel3d.net/downloads/updater/EcosystemApps.exe EcoSystems Apps].'''  


There are two categories: Printers and Heads (or Accessories).
2. Install '''[http://hyrel3d.net/downloads/repetrel/repetrel_3.083_K_dfu_3.083e.rar Repetrel].'''


=== '''Printers''' ===
Full install instructions are at our '''[[New Install]]''' page.


As of May, 2017, Hyrel Printers are available in the following models: [[Hydras]] are our larger, gantry models; [[Systems]] are our tabletop, enclosed models; and [[Engines]] are the smaller, unenclosed models - available in High Resolution (HR) and Standard Resolution (SR) versions.


All models use our Repetrel software and any slicer (Slic3r support provided). Each model comes with a Windows PC, either tablet or full desktop style. We operate our print heads via CANbus.
== '''DIY Users Start Here - Look at our Resources''' ==


==== Comparison ====
1. '''[[Repetrel]]''' Overview


The following chart compares and contrasts the various models:
2. List of all '''[[Videos]]'''


{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
3. '''[[Gcode]]''' Explained
|+ Printer Model Comparison
! style="width: 10%" rowspan="2"|Designation
! style="width: 20%" colspan="3"|[[Hydras|Hydra]] Freestanding (Floor) Models<br>''formerly the 16A''
! style="width: 10%"|[[Hydras|Hydra]] Bench top Model<br>''formerly the 17A''
! style="width: 10%"|Benchtop, Enclosed
! style="width: 10%"|Desktop, Unenclosed
! style="width: 10%"|Desktop, High Precision
|-
! [[Hydras|Hydra]] 430
! [[Hydras|Hydra]] 640
! [[Hydras|Hydra]] 645
! [[Hydras|Hydra]] 340
! [[Systems|System 30M]]
! [[Engines|Engine SR]]
! [[Engines|Engine HR]]
|-
! Target <br> Users
| colspan="3" | Industrial Manufacturing
| Commercial Manufacturing
| Laboratory Research
| Budget Research
| Biological Research
|-
! Image
| colspan="3" | <gallery>File:Hydra_16A.png</gallery>
| <gallery>File:17A.png</gallery>
| <gallery>File:S30M.jpg</gallery>
| <gallery>File:ENG.jpg</gallery>
| <gallery>File:EHR.png</gallery>
|-
! Placement<br>Mechanism
| colspan="3" | Freestanding (Floor) Model<br>Gantry Design
| Benchtop Model<br>Gantry Design
| Benchtop Model<br>Knee Design
| Desktop Model<br>Knee Design
| Desktop Model<br>Knee Design
|-
! Exterior Dimensions, <br> XxYxZ (closed)
| colspan="2" | 48x35x50 in <br> 120x88x125 cm
| 48x35x60 in <br> 120x88x153 cm
| 41x27x28 in <br> 104x69x71 cm
| 34x16x32 in <br> 565x405x810 cm
| 13x21x22 in <br> 330x530x560 cm
| 13x24x22 in <br> 330x600x560 cm
|-
! Power <br> Requirements
| colspan="3" | 15A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 8A / 220VAC / 50Hz
| 15A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 8A / 220VAC / 50Hz
| 15A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 8A / 220VAC / 50Hz | 10A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 5A / 220VAC / 50Hz
| 10A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 5A / 220VAC / 50Hz
| 10A / 110VAC / 60 Hz <br> 5A / 220VAC / 50Hz
|-
! Build Volume
| 16x12x10 in <br> 400x300x250 mm
| 24x16x10 in <br> 600x400x250 mm
| 24x16x20 in <br> 600x400x500 mm
| 12x16x10 in <br> 300x400x250 mm
| 8x8x8 in <br> 200x200x200 mm
| 8x8x8 in <br> 200x200x200 mm
| 4x4x4 in <br> 100x100x100 mm
|-
! Bed <br> Temperatures
| colspan="3" | 120°C <br> ''200°C option''
| 120°C
| 75°C
| 75°C
| 75°C <br> ''-10C option''
|-
! X/Y Printing<br> Speeds
| colspan="3" | Up to 50 mm/sec
| Up to 50 mm/sec
| Up to 30 mm/sec
| Up to 30 mm/sec
| Up to 15 mm/sec
|-
! Enclosure
| colspan="3" | Heated to 55°C
| Heated to 55°C
| Enclosed <br> ''*Opt Heated to 55°C''
| Unenclosed
| Unenclosed
|-
! Motion Control
| colspan="3" | 3-Phase with <br> Closed-Loop Feedback
| 3-Phase with <br> Closed-Loop Feedback
| 0.9° Stepping Motor
| 0.9° Stepping Motor
| 0.9° Stepping Motor
|-
! Positional Resolution <br> X/Y/Z in µm
| colspan="3" | 6 / 6 / 1
| 6 / 6 / 1
| 5 / 5 / 1
| 5 / 5 / 1
| 1.25 / 1.25 / 1
|-
! Positional Accuracy <br> X/Y/Z in µm
| colspan="3" | 60 / 60 / 10
| 60 / 60 / 10
| 50 / 50 / 10
| 50 / 50 / 10
| 12 / 12 / 10
|-
! Positional Repeatability <br> X/Y/Z in µm
| colspan="3" | 60 / 60 / 10
| 60 / 60 / 10
| 50 / 50 / 10
| 50 / 50 / 10
| 12 / 12 / 10
|-
! Precise X/Y Output <br> for Bioplots
| colspan="3" | 100 µm lines <br> 200 µm spacing
| 100 µm lines <br> 200 µm spacing
| 100 µm lines <br> 200 µm spacing
| 100 µm lines <br> 200 µm spacing
| 50 µm lines <br> 100 µm spacing
|-
! Precise Z output <br> for Bioplots
| colspan="3" | 25 µm layers
| 25 µm layers
| 25 µm layers
| 25 µm layers
| 25 µm layers
|-
! Tool Positions <br> ''Optional''
| colspan="3" | Five <br> ''Ten''
| Five
| Four
| Four
| Five
|-
! Cold Flow <br> Options
|colspan="7"| All [[EMO]], [[COD]], [[SDS]], [[CSD]], DSD and SMH Heads
|-
! Warm Flow <br> Options
|colspan="7"| All [[VOL]], [[VCD]], [[KRA]] and [[KCD]] Heads
|-
! Hot Flow <br> Options
|colspan="7"| All [[MK1-250]], [[MK2-250]] and [[MK1-450]] Heads
|-
! Low Power <br> Laser Options
|colspan="7"| 5w, 808nm, AlGaAs Diode and/or 6w, 450nm, GaN Diode


|-
4. Use links on the sidebar
! High Power <br> Laser Options
| colspan="3" | 40w ~10 µm, CO<sub>2</sub> <br> 80w, ~10µm, CO<sub>2</sub>
| ''Not Applicable''
| ''Not Applicable''
| ''Not Applicable''
| ''Not Applicable''
|-
! Spindle Tool <br> Compatibility
| colspan="3" | Standard <br> Three-Phase
| Standard
| Standard
| Standard
| ''Not Applicable''
|-
! Other <br> Options
|colspan="7"|Quiet Storm Fan, Microscope
|}


==== The [[Hydras|Hydra]] Series  ====


The [[Hydras|Hydra]] series ''formerly the [[Model 16A]] and 17A'' has hard resolution (with encoder feedback) of 20 microns in the X and Y, and 0.8 microns in the Z in standard mode. In microstepping mode, we can achieve soft resolution of 4 microns in the X and Y. It comes standard with two tool positions, but can take additional yokes to handle more.
== '''Inquiring Users Start Here - Contact Us''' ==


There are four models, as detailed above. The differences are:
Email: '''service@ams-india.co.in'''


* The [[Hydras|Hydra]] 340 sits on a countertop, has a 300x400x250mm build volume, and has no CO2 laser option.
Phone: '''+91 80 28377270'''
* The [[Hydras|Hydra]] 430 stands on the floor, has a 400x300x250mm build volume, and has 40w and 80w CO2 laser options.
* The [[Hydras|Hydra]] 640 stands on the floor, has a 600x400x250mm build volume, and has 40w and 80w CO2 laser options.
* The [[Hydras|Hydra]] 645 stands on the floor, has a 400x400x500mm build volume, and has 40w and 80w CO2 laser options.


* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uACoqtNbXE0 Overview of the [[Hydras|Hydra]] line]
Address: 108 E, First Floor, SRS Road, III Phase,
Peenya Industrial Area,
Bangalore 560058.


==== The System 30M, 30, and 23 ====
=== Can we print your material? ===


[[Systems]] are enclosed Detailed information is on the [[Systems]] page. The System 30M replaced the System 30, which replaced the System 23. For you history buffs and Kickstarters.
'''Probably... please tell us:'''


* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9HvQ3SepoM Overview of the System 30]
# What form it is in at room temperature (powder, granules, filament, gel, etc).
# Do you need the environment or build surface at a certain temperature?
# For Filaments:  
## At what temperature will it be printed?
## Is it 1.75mm +/- 0.1mm?
# For liquids, gels, granules or powders:
## At what temperature will it be deposited?
## Is it homogeneous or pre-mixed, or do we need to mix it as we dispense?
### If mixed as dispensed, at static or dynamic ratios?
## How does it harden or cure (by cooling, by heating, with humidity, with UV light (specify wavelength))?
## Is it photosensitive? Energetic? Caustic? Any special handling, safety or ventilation requirements?
## What viscosity is it during deposition?


==== The Engines ====


[[Engines]] are open-air models. Engines can take up to four heads at once, either working cooperatively on a one print, or making duplicate copies of a small print at the same time. Build volume is 200mm x 200mm x 200mm (X/Y/Z). Detailed information is on the [[Engines]] page.


=== '''Print Heads''' ===
We also have partners in France and India, and CE marked units are available.


==== Comparison ====
== A Note about COVID-19, the latest Corona Virus ==


The folLowing chart compares and contrasts the various heads:
We are still building and shipping units, while abiding by safety recommendations.


{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Printer Model Comparison
! style="width: 10%"|Designation
! style="width: 10%"|Material
! style="width: 10%"|Viscosity
! style="width: 10%"|Gear Ratio
! style="width: 10%"|Volume
! style="width: 10%"|Reservoir
! style="width: 10%"|Temperature
! style="width: 10%"|UV LEDs?
! style="width: 10%"|Other
|-
! MK1-250
| 1.75mm Filament
| Standard
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| Up to 250°C
| n/a
| For Standard Material
|-
! MK2-250
| 1.75mm Filament
| Flexible
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| Up to 250°C
| n/a
| For Flexible Material
|-
! MK1-450
| 1.75mm Filament
| Exotic
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 300 to 450°C
| n/a
| For High-Temp Material
|-
! SDS-05
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 05cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! SDS-10
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 10cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! SDS-30
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 30cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! SDS-60
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 60cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! DSD-50
| Two-part Mixtures
| Low
| 3:1; 1:1 Ratio
| 25cc each part
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! SMH-2
| Two-part Mixtures
| Low
| 3:1; Variable Ratio
| Up to 60cc each part
| ''Depends on feeding heads''
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! CSD-05
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 05cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! CSD-10
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 10cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! CSD-30
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 30cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! CSD-60
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 60cc
| Polypropylene
| Ambient
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! HSD-30-BD
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 30cc
| Polypropylene
| Up to 75°C
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! HSD-10-Ardes
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1 ?
| 30cc
| Polyamide
| Up to 130°C
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! CHS-30
| Liquid, Gel
| Low
| 3:1
| 30cc
| Polypropylene
| Up to 75°C
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! EMO-25
| Liquid, Gel, Paste
| Low to Medium
| 19:1
| 25cc
| Aluminum
| Ambient
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! COD-25
| Liquid, Gel, Paste
| Low to Medium
| 19:1
| 25cc
| Aluminum
| Ambient
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! VOL-25
| Liquid, Gel, Paste
| Low to Medium
| 51:1
| 25cc
| Aluminum
| Up to 100°C
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! VCD-25
| Liquid, Gel, Paste
| Low to Medium
| 51:1
| 25cc
| Aluminum
| Up to 100°C
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! KRA-25
| Paste, Clay, Hot Glue
| Medium to High
| 100:1
| 15cc
| Stainless
| Up to 200°C*
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! KCD-25
| Paste, Clay, Hot Glue
| Medium to High
| 100:1
| 15cc
| Stainless
| Up to 200°C*
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! KR2-25
| Paste, Clay, Hot Glue
| Medium to High
| 100:1
| 15cc
| Stainless
| Up to 200°C*
| ''Optional''
| n/a
|-
! KC2-25
| Paste, Clay, Hot Glue
| Medium to High
| 100:1
| 15cc
| Stainless
| Up to 200°C*
| Yes
| n/a
|-
! LA5-808
| Dark, Opaque
| Laser
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 5w, 808nm
|-
! LA6-450
| Opaque
| Laser
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 6w, 4550nm
|-
! LI40
| Translucent
| Laser
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 40w, 10μm
|-
! LI80
| Translucent
| Laser
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 80w, 10μm
|-
! ST1
| Waxes, Plastics
| Spindle Tool
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| n/a
| 5,000 rpm with no load
|}


==== The Cold Flow Process ====
.
 
Cold Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at room temperature, with or without UV Crosslinking.
 
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktK256u0sN8 Overview of the EMO and COD Heads]
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h95IurET7UM Overview of the SDS and CSD Heads]
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQj6oLfrbLo Overview of the SMH-2 Head]
 
For more details, see the '''[[Cold and Warm Flow]]''' page.
 
===== Materials for Cold Flow =====
 
The following materials can be printed from Cold Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips.
 
<div style="column-count:5;-moz-column-count:5;-webkit-column-count:5">
*3P Quick Cure Clay
*Adhesives
*Clay, Generic
*Epoxy, Two-part
*Fimo
*Glue
*Kato
*Metal Clay, including Precious Metal Clay (PMC)
*Modeling Clay
*PEG PolyEthylene Glycol
*Porcelain
*Plasticine
*Play-Doh
*Resins
*RTV Silicone
*Sculpey
*Sugru
</div>
 
===== Heads for Cold Flow =====
 
Cold Flow is available through the following heads:
 
<gallery>
File:EMO-25.png|EMO-25
File:COD-25.png|COD-25
File:SDS-30.png|SDS-5, SDS-10,<br>SDS-30, SDS-60
File:CSD-60.png|CSD-5, CSD-10,<br>CSD-30, CSD-60
</gallery>
 
 
The following table compares the properties of the various Cold Flow heads:
 
{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 85%;"
|+ Cold Flow Head Properties
! style="width: 15%;" | Head
! style="width: 15%;" | Container
! style="width: 15%;" | Capacity
! style="width: 15%;" | Nozzle
! style="width: 15%;" | UV Crosslinking
|-
! [[EMO]]-25
| Aluminum
| 25cc
| 1.5mm, 2.0mm, Luer
| No
|-
! [[COD]]-25
| Aluminum
| 25cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
! [[SDS]]-5
| Syringe
| 05cc
| Luer
| No
|-
! [[CSD]]-5
| Syringe
| 05cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
! [[SDS]]-10
| Syringe
| 10cc
| Luer
| No
|-
! [[CSD]]-10
| Syringe
| 10cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
! [[SDS]]-30
| Syringe
| 30cc
| Luer
| No
|-
! [[CSD]]-30
| Syringe
| 30cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
! [[SDS]]-60
| Syringe
| 60cc
| Luer
| No
|-
! [[CSD]]-60
| Syringe
| 60cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
|}
 
===== '''Research Papers''' Citing Hyrel Cold Flow =====
 
These are listed by year '''[[Research_Papers | here]]'''.
 
==== The Warm Flow Process ====
 
Warm Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at up to 150°C, with or without UV Crosslinking, depending on the head.
 
PCL and other medium temperature material can be printed directly from Pellets the size of small peas. If you pulverize or powder your polymer, it is possible to pre-mix the material dry and test different alloys of plastics.
 
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_onCKhT_dg Overview of the VOL and VCD Heads]
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QD2FrZ4kg1g Overview of the KRA and KCD Heads]
 
For more details, see the '''[[Cold and Warm Flow]]''' page.
 
===== Materials for Warm Flow =====
 
The following materials can be printed from Warm Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips, or may print more easily at higher temperatures.
 
<div style="column-count:5;-moz-column-count:5;-webkit-column-count:5">
*Adhesives
*Fimo
*Kato
*Glue
*PCL
*Plasticine
*Resins
*Sculpey
*Wax
</div>
 
===== Heads for Warm Flow =====
 
Warm Flow is available through the following heads:
 
<gallery>
File:VOL-25.png|[[VOL]]-25
File:VCD-25.png|[[VCD]]-25
File:KRA-15.png|[[KRA]]-15
File:KCD-15.png|[[KCD]]-15
</gallery>
 
The following table compares the properties of the various Warm Flow heads:
 
{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 85%;"
|+ Warm Flow Head Properties
! style="width: 15%;" | Head
! style="width: 15%;" | Max Temp
! style="width: 15%;" | Container
! style="width: 15%;" | Capacity
! style="width: 15%;" | Nozzle
! style="width: 15%;" | UV Crosslinking
|-
! [[VOL]]-25
| 100°C
| Aluminum
| 25cc
| 1.5mm, 2.0mm, Luer
| No
|-
! [[VCD]]-25
| 100°C
| Aluminum
| 25cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
! [[KRA]]-15
| 150°C
| Stainless
| 15cc
| 1.5mm, 2mm, Luer
| No
|-
! [[KCD]]-15
| 150°C
| Stainless
| 15cc
| Luer
| Yes
|-
|}
 
===== '''Research Papers''' Citing Hyrel Warm Flow =====
 
* [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.7b13602 Shear-Thinning and Thermo-Reversible Nanoengineered Inks for 3D Bioprinting] in the [http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en.html American Chemical Society's] [http://pubs.acs.org/toc/aamick/current Applied Materials & Interfaces Journal]
* [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02540 Nanoengineered Colloidal Inks for 3D Bioprinting] in [http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en.html The American Chemical Society's] [http://pubs.acs.org/journal/langd5 Langmuir]
*[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.7b11851 4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers] in [http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en.html The American Chemical Society's] [http://pubs.acs.org/journal/aamick ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces]
*[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.45083/full&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm08tdsc-a6hdNeaw1xB7JInXsZCeg&nossl=1&oi=scholaralrt Influence of Shear Thinning and Material Flow on Robotic Dispensing of PEG] in [http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en.html The American Chemical Society's] [http://pubs.acs.org/journal/ancac3 ACS Nano]
 
==== The Hot Flow Process ====
 
Hot Flow is our term for filament-based materials which are deposited at up to 450°C, depending on the head. This process has also been referred to as '''FFF''' for Fused Filament Fabrication, or '''FDM''' for Fused Deposition Modeling. As of November, 2016, our Hot Flow heads are only for 1.75mm filaments.
 
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaCYFmoIESk Overview of the MK-250 Head]
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOGKeU3vLbs Overview of the MK2-250 Head]
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvZMecXsHEM Overview of the MK1-450 Head]
 
For more details, see the '''[[Hot Flow]]''' page.
 
===== Materials for Hot Flow =====
 
The following materials can be printed from Hot Flow heads. Note that depending on the characteristics of your material, one head will be a better match than the others. See the "Recommended For" column in the table below.
 
<div style="column-count:5;-moz-column-count:5;-webkit-column-count:5">
*[[ABS]], Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
*BendLay
*FilaFlex
*Flex45
*LayBrick
*LayWood
*NinjaFlex
*Nylon
*PC, PolyCarbonate
*PEEK, PolyEther Ether Ketone
*PET, PolyEthylene Terephthalate
*PETG, PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified
*PLA, PolyLactic Acid
*PlastInk Rubber
*PP, PolyPropylene
*PVA, PolyVinyl Alcohol
*T-Glase
</div>
 
===== Heads for Hot Flow =====
 
Hot Flow is available through the following heads:
 
<gallery>
File:MK1-250.png|[[MK1-250]]
File:MK2-250.png|[[MK2-250]]
File:MK1-450.png|[[MK1-450]]
</gallery>
 
The following table compares the properties of the various Hot Flow heads, including which heads are recommended for which materials. The MK1 heads drive matieral from one side, with a spring-loaded bearing system to maintain pressure and positioning. The MK2 heads drive the material from both sides, and are designed for more flexible filaments.
 
{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 85%;"
|+ Hot Flow Head Properties
! style="width: 10%;" | Head
! style="width: 10%;" | Min Temp
! style="width: 10%;" | Max Temp
! style="width: 10%;" | Filament Type
! style="width: 10%;" | Nozzle
! style="width: 20%;" | Recommended For
|-
! [[MK1-250]]
| 150°C
| 250°C
| Standard
| .35mm, .50mm, .75mm, 1.0mm
| ABS, LayBrick, LayWood, Nylon, PET, PETG, PETT, PLA, PP, PVA, T-Glase
|-
! [[MK2-250]]
| 150°C
| 250°C
| Flexible
| .35mm, .50mm, .75mm, 1.0mm
| BendLay, FilaFlex, Flex45, NinjaFlex, PlastInk Rubber
|-
! [[MK1-450]]
| 300°C
| 450°C
| Engineering
| .50mm
| PC, PEEK
|-
|}
 
===== '''Research Papers''' Citing Hyrel Hot Flow =====
 
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517318302035 Pharmaceutical 3D Printing: Design and Qualification of a Single Step Print and Fill Capsule] by a team from [http://merck.com Merck Pharmaceuticals]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266353817318365 Fabrication and Properties of Novel Polymer-Metal Composites using Fused Deposition Modeling] by the [https://www.wpi.edu/academics/departments/mechanical-engineering Mechanical Engineering Staff] at [https://www.wpi.edu/ Worcester Polytechnic Institute]
*[http://hyrel3d.net/papers/3D_Printing_of_the_Flight_Model.pdf NANOSATC-BR2, 2 unit CUBESAT, Power Analysis, Solar Flux Prediction, Design and 3D Printing of the Flight Model from the UFSM & INPE’S NANOSATC-BR, CUBESAT Development Program] by a team from the [http://site.ufsm.br Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brasil].
* [http://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10830&context=theses A Preliminary Study of Conductive Filaments Printed Via Fused Filament Fabrication] by Smruti Ranjan Sahoo at [http://rit.edu Rochester Institute of Technology]
* [http://sffsymposium.engr.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2017/Manuscripts/TensileMechanicalPropertiesofPolypropyleneCom.pdf Tensile Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Fabricated by Material Extrusion], a reviewed paper of the [http://sffsymposium.engr.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2017/Welcome.pdf Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium 2017].
* [http://sffsymposium.engr.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2017/Manuscripts/EffectofProcessParametersandShotPeeningonM.pdf Effect of Process Parameters and Shot Peening on Mechanical Behavior of ABS Parts Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)], a reviewed paper of the [http://sffsymposium.engr.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2017/Welcome.pdf Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium 2017].
* [http://manufacturingscience.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2665941 Hybrid Processes in Additive Manufacturing] in the [http://manufacturingscience.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/journal.aspx Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering] of the [https://www.asme.org/ American Society of Mechanical Engineers]
* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-017-1340-8 Effects of Material Properties on Warpage in Fused Deposition Modeling Parts] in [https://link.springer.com/journal/170 The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology]
* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10443-017-9661-1 Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Boron Nitride – ABS Composites], in [https://link.springer.com/journal/10443 Applied Composite Materials]
* [http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/2068/htm Review of Batteryless Wireless Sensors Using Additively Manufactured Microwave Resonators] in [http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors Sensors], a Journal of the [http://www.mdpi.com/ Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331332/ Dynamical Majorana edge modes in a broad class of topological mechanical systems] by [http://www.njit.edu The New Jersey Institute of Technology]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/Low-Cost,_Single_Platform,_Hybrid_Mfg_System_for_Hybrid_Passives.pdf A Low-Cost, Single Platform, Hybrid Manufacturing System for RF Passives], [http://www.ieee.org/index.html The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/RFID_Tag_Combining_3D_and_Inkjet_Printing.pdf Button-Shaped RFID Tag Combining Three-Dimensional and Inkjet Printing Technologies], [http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-map The IET Digital Library].
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/Fully_3D-Printed_RF_Structures.pdf Demonstration and Characterization of Fully 3D-printed RF Structures], [http://www.ieee.org/index.html The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/NinjaFlex_Filament_for_Antenna_Applications.pdf Infill Dependent 3D-Printed Material Based on NinjaFlex Filament for Antenna Applications], [http://www.ieee.org/index.html The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/Novel_Strain_Sensor_Based_on_3D_Printing.pdf A Novel Strain Sensor Based on 3D Printing Technology and 3D Antenna Design], [http://www.ieee.org/index.html The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/3D_Printed_Loop_Antenna_for_Wearable_and_IoT_Applications.pdf A Novel 3-D Printed Loop Antenna Using Flexible NinjaFlex Material for Wearable and IoT Applications], [http://www.ieee.org/index.html The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)]
* [http://hyrel3d.net/papers/RF_Characterization_of...NinjaFlex.pdf RF Characterization of 3D Printed Flexible Materials - NinjaFlex Filaments], [http://www.eumwa.org/en/euma/ The European Microwave Association (EuMA)]
*[http://hyrel3d.net/papers/Nano-Material_Based_Flexible_RF_Sensors.pdf Nano-Material Based Flexible Radio Frequency Sensors for Wearable Health and Environment Monitoring: Designs and Prototypes Utilizing 3D/Inkjet Printing Technologies], A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty of [https://www.ece.gatech.edu/ The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech]
 
=== '''Other Accessories''' ===
 
Accessories other than print heads are available, some of which take a tool position.
 
For more details, see the '''[http://hyrel3d.net/wiki/index.php/Other_accessories Other Accessories]''' page.
 
==== Tool Position Accessories ====
 
===== Lasers =====
 
Hot-swappable Lasers are available in the following configurations:
 
* The LA5-808 is a diode laser, 5W at 808nm, and due to its wavelength, it is best suited for darker material.
* The LA6-450 is a diode laser 6W at 450nm, and performs well on opaque material of any color.
* The LI40 is an integrated 40w CO2 laser, and performs well on translucent as well as opaque material; ''available on our Hydra models only.''
* The LI80 is an integrated 80w CO2 laser, and performs well on translucent as well as opaque material; ''available on our Hydra models only.''
 
* [[File:Yt.png]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tz6mRSkOaSk Overview of the LA5-808 and LA6-450 Lasers]
 
The Reflectivity and Transparency or Translucency of your material will have a great impact on the effectiveness of the laser. Safety glasses are included with each laser.
 
===== Spindle Tools =====
 
<gallery>
File:ST1.png|ST1
</gallery>
 
The ST1 is intended for light drilling and routing operations (especially circuit board work), and provides between 500 and 5000 RMP (depending on load) to a 1/8" chuck. Our Repetrel software can process Gerber and DRL files for the Spindle Tool and/or the Lasers.
 
The ST3 is presently in testing, but provides more power; ''available on our Hydra models only.''
 
===== Other Tool Position Accessories =====
 
The following accessories each take up a tool position while performing more passive functions:
 
* The Inspector microscope provides magnification.
* The Quiet Storm fan provides additional cooling.
* The Tramming Tool, provided with every printer, is used to level the build surface.
 
==== Non-Tool Position Accessories ====
 
The following non-head accessories are also available:
 
* The Feed Chamber Cooling Fan mounts on Hot Flow heads to provide additional cooling to the feed chamber. This is desirable with low temperature filaments like PLA.
* The Printer Support Kit is included with every printer, and includes a build plate, blue tape, and a variety of handy tools like tweezers, razors, and a spatula.
* The SDK | Software Developer's Kit provides hardware, software, and the source code for developing your own firmware for your own compatible heads.
* The LTK | Luer Tip Kit provides an EMO to Luer adapter and a variety of luer lock needles.
* The Syringe Kit provides syringes in quantity.
* The Drill Bit Kit provides an assortment of drilling bits and end mills for the Spindle Tool.
* The Filament Kit provides a variety of filaments to get you started with your printer.

Latest revision as of 08:30, 28 September 2021

New Users Start Here - Learn about our Equipment

At Hyrel, we do things differently. Please get a feel for how Hyrel equipment works with this pdf and with these videos:

  1. PDF: First Training Session
  2. Yt.png Session 1A: Hardware and Software Overview Video
  3. Yt.png Session 1B: Communications and Tramming Video
  4. Yt.png Session 1C: Setting Z-Zero and Emulsifiable Print Video

For more detailed instructions, please continue from this point on the Instrucions page.

Experienced Users Start Here - Compare our Models

Once you have an idea of how we do things, you should learn more about our different models of printer and our wide array of filament heads, emulsion/paste/liquid heads, laser options, spindle tools, and more.

1. Compare our various models with this chart.

2. Compare our various accessories with this chart.


Skeptical Users Start Here - Download and Try our Software for FREE

Our Repetrel Software controls all versions of our printers, as well as our in-house CNC machines and other side projects. Most of the features are explained on our Repetrel page.

To try it for yourself (limited without a Hyrel printer attached), just:

1. Install EcoSystems Apps.

2. Install Repetrel.

Full install instructions are at our New Install page.


DIY Users Start Here - Look at our Resources

1. Repetrel Overview

2. List of all Videos

3. Gcode Explained

4. Use links on the sidebar


Inquiring Users Start Here - Contact Us

Email: service@ams-india.co.in

Phone: +91 80 28377270

Address: 108 E, First Floor, SRS Road, III Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058.

Can we print your material?

Probably... please tell us:

  1. What form it is in at room temperature (powder, granules, filament, gel, etc).
  2. Do you need the environment or build surface at a certain temperature?
  3. For Filaments:
    1. At what temperature will it be printed?
    2. Is it 1.75mm +/- 0.1mm?
  4. For liquids, gels, granules or powders:
    1. At what temperature will it be deposited?
    2. Is it homogeneous or pre-mixed, or do we need to mix it as we dispense?
      1. If mixed as dispensed, at static or dynamic ratios?
    3. How does it harden or cure (by cooling, by heating, with humidity, with UV light (specify wavelength))?
    4. Is it photosensitive? Energetic? Caustic? Any special handling, safety or ventilation requirements?
    5. What viscosity is it during deposition?


We also have partners in France and India, and CE marked units are available.

A Note about COVID-19, the latest Corona Virus

We are still building and shipping units, while abiding by safety recommendations.


.

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