Difference between revisions of "Firmware"

From Hyrel3D
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(86 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
| __TOC__
| __TOC__
|}
|}
New software will often require new firmware. New software packages always come with the latest firmware at the time the software was released; however, sometimes newer firmware is available.
There are two families of firmware; one for the '''Heads and Beds''', or STM-103 boards, and another for the '''Motion Controllers''', or STM-427 / STM-407 boards.
These steps are performed in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qbUzZM3vtg
== '''Motion Controllers''' ==
To find out what version of <span style="color: blue;">Motion Controller Firmware</span> you are on now:
[[File:Rep_mc_version_info.png|750px]]
Legend:
<span style="color: red;">'''RED''' text shows the version of '''SOFTWARE'''.</span><br>
<span style="color: blue;">'''BLUE''' text shows the version of '''FIRMWARE'''.</span><br>
<span style="color: magenta;">'''MAGENTA''' text shows the '''COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL''' - USB or UART with port number.</span>
=== Motion Controller Switches ===
Your motion controller (<span style="color: green;">green '''STM407''' on ESR and 30M printers</span>, or <span style="color: blue;">blue '''STM32''' on Hydra and EHR printers</span>) has two switches.
<span style="color: red;">The '''BOOT CONFIG''' switch can be set to '''SYSTEM''' (usually up or left - sometimes needed for flashing firmware) or '''FLASH''' (usually down or right). '''It should be set to FLASH for normal operations.'''</span>
<span style="color: purple;">The unlabeled power switch can be set to '''USB''' (usually left or down - you should not need to use this setting) or '''5Vin'''. '''It should be set to 5Vin for normal operations.'''</span>
<span style="color: dodgerblue;">Note the '''RESET''' button, shown here above the USB connector and the LED. '''You need to RESET after changing any switch positions.''' All current printers also have a '''RESET''' button on the outside or inside of the chassis.</span>
Images:
[[File:407_switches.jpg|500px]] [[File:429_switches.jpg|500px]]
=== Motion Controller Firmware ===
For the STM-429 and STM-407 Boards.
Video instructions for flashing the 407 and 429 (Motion) Controllers: https://youtu.be/cFAFRkpLmww
Note that all units shipped since 2015 are internally cabled to automatically connect for flashing, so there should be no need to remove the rear cover or connect special cables.
You should always use the latest version of the release you are on, and we recommend that you upgrade to the most recent release (but this is not required).


New software will often require new firmware. New software packages always come with the latest firmware at the time the software was released; however, sometimes newer firmware is available.
# Launch Repetrel ( C:\Repetrel\bin\Repetrel.exe ).
# Go to File > Update Firmware > Motion Controller
# Select the latest .dfu file for your machine from the table below.
# Your printer should show as "CONNECTED" in the firmware utility. <b>If it is not:</b>
## Access the Motion Controller.
## Change the vertical switch to BOOT CONFIG (away from the vertical switch).
## Reset the motion controller (small button left of the LED).
## You should now be CONNECTED.
# Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
# IF you had to change the switch, change it back and reset the motion controller.
# You are done.
 
{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 80%;"
|+ Firmware Listing
! style="width: 20%;" | Printer Model
! style="width: 20%;" | Repetrel Version
! style="width: 20%;" | Firmware
|-
!rowspan="2"| All Hydra Models ''(3-, 4- and 5- axis)''
| '''Repetrel 4.2.431'''
| '''EngineHR_Hydra_4.200l.dfu''' (L)
|-
| Repetrel 3.084c
| Hydra 3.083m
|-
!rowspan="2"| Engine, High Resolution (EHR)
| '''Repetrel 4.2.431'''
| '''EngineHR_Hydra_4.200l.dfu''' (L)
|-
| Repetrel 3.084c
| Hydra 3.083m
|-
!rowspan="4"| System 30M ''(and earlier Systems)''<br>and Engine, Standard Resolution (ESR)
| '''Repetrel 4.2.431'''
| '''EngineSR_30M_4.200l.dfu''' (L)
|-
| Repetrel 3.084c
| Hyrel 3.083m
|-
| Repetrel 2.865
| Version 2.415
|-
| Repetrel 1.85
| Version 1.85
|-
|}
 
=== Motion Controller Values ===
 
Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on the motion controller with flashing new default values to the motion controller - again, not my terms.
 
We should always be sure that we're running not only with the correct version of the motion controller firmware, but that the values for the present model of equipment are being used. In Repetrel, under Settings > Printer, a dialog box will open with lots of numbers you may want to play with. Please don't change any values unless you're sure that they will do something that you want. We have default files for each model, and some users will want to save custom settings - like different park positions for different beds, or different maximum print speeds and acceleration parameters for more heavily outfitted yoke assemblies.
 
There is a utility to read and write configuration files on every PC running Repetrel v3 at <code>C:\repetrel\Printer Settings</code>, and you should run on (or at least start with) the configuration file for your model printer.
 
Please resist the urge to go tampering here without talking to us. There's probably a better way to achieve your desired end results.
 
== '''Heads and Beds''' (STM103 boards) ==
 
To find out what version(s) of <span style="color: orange;">Head/Bed Firmware</span> you are on now:
 
== V2 vs V3 vs V4 ==
 
'''<span style="color: red;">Why is my head FLASHING RED?</span>'''
 
Non-Hydra units shipping through spring 2017 shiped with Repetrel version 2.x, and should be on the last version 2 release.
 
Hydra units, and other units shipping through spring 2019 shipped with version 3.x, and should be on the last version 3 release.
 
All units shipping after spring 2019 ship with version 4.x, and should be on the last version 4 release.
 
Please use the files in your C:\Repetrel\bin\firmware directory, since it is "paired" with your Repetrel version.
 
All units should be upgraded to the latest version when it is available. If you run a head with v2 settings on a v3 or later install, the background will '''<span style="color: red;">FLASH RED</span>'''; this '''DOES NOT''' mean that you need to flash new '''FIRMWARE''' - this '''DOES''' mean that you need to flash new '''VALUES''' to the head. Please make the changes noted for each head and right-click-flash these values on your heads:
 
# [[Cold_and_Warm_Flow#Settings_for_Cold_and_Warm_Flow_Heads|For Cold and Warm Flow (EMO, SDS, VOL, KRA, TAM, etc).]]
# [[Hot_Flow#Settings_for_Hot_Flow_Heads|For Hot flow (MK*).]]
# For the HotBed Controller, just define it as a print head, set the pulses to 10, redefine it as a hotbed, and flash these settings. Contact us for help.


There are two families of firmware; one for the heads, or STM-103 boards, and another for the motion controllers, or STM-427 / STM-407 boards.
[[File:Head_bed_version_info_v4.png]]


== Print Head / Hot Bed Firmware ==
=== Head / Bed Firmware ===


For the STM-103 Boards. Consult the table below for the proper version. The wrong version WILL NOT WORK.
For the STM-103 Boards. Consult the table below for the proper version. The wrong version WILL NOT WORK.
These files are included in the latest '''[[4_Install|Repetrel]]''' download, and the latest Repetrel\bin directory download.


Video instructions for flashing the 103 (HH/HB) Controllers: https://youtu.be/yM8QMZBTb4o
Video instructions for flashing the 103 (HH/HB) Controllers: https://youtu.be/yM8QMZBTb4o
Line 20: Line 140:
# Connect the ST-Link as shown in the video above.
# Connect the ST-Link as shown in the video above.
# Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
# Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
# You are done.
# You are mostly done - you still need to update the settings on each head and the hotbed, but that's easy now - see below.
 
{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;"
|+ Firmware Listing for '''Repetrel v4'''<br>''Thankfully, this is now very simple:''
! style="width: 50%;" | All Heads
! style="width: 50%;" | Firmware
|-
| ALL HEADS
| Heads_Beds_103_4.050f.hex
|-
|}


{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;"
{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;"
|+ Firmware Listing<br>''Karl doesn't like me renaming these files, so...''
|+ Firmware Listing for '''Repetrel v2 and v3'''<br>''Karl doesn't like me renaming these files, so...''
! style="width: 50%;" | Filament Heads
! style="width: 50%;" | Filament Heads
! style="width: 50%;" | Firmware
! style="width: 50%;" | Firmware
|-
|-
| [[MK1-250]]
| MK1-250
| MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
| MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
|-
|-
| [[MK1-250]] <span style="color: red;">with red RTDs</span> ''(from 2013, 2014)''
| MK1-250 '''with red RTDs (from pre-2015)
| _FIL_250_RED_235A.hex
| _FIL_250_RED_235A.hex
|-
|-
| [[MK2-250]]
| MK2-250
| MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
| MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
|-
|-
| [[MK1-450]]
| MK1-450
| MK450_Caution_450C_45A.hex
| MK450_Caution_450C_45A.hex
|-
|-
Line 42: Line 172:
! Firmware
! Firmware
|-
|-
| [[Cold_and_Warm_Flow|All Emulsion-type Heads ''(including mixing heads)'']]
| ALL Emulsion-Type Heads
| Emo_Vol_Kra_Cod.50V.hex
| Emo_Vol_Kra_Cod.52V.hex
|-
|-
! Laser Heads
! Laser Heads and UV Pens
! Firmware
! Firmware
|-
|-
| [[Lasers|Diode Lasers on Repetrel v2.x]]
| Diode Lasers on Repetrel v2.xs
| Laser_Diode_Shark_6N.hex
| Laser_Diode_Shark_6N.hex
|-
|-
| [[Lasers|Diode and CO2 Lasers on Repetrel v3.x]]
| Diode and CO2 Lasers on Repetrel v3.x
| LaserPWM_8L.hex
| LaserPWM_8L.hex
|-
|-
Line 57: Line 187:
! Firmware
! Firmware
|-
|-
| [[Other_accessories|Spindle Tools, Three-Phase'']]
| Spindle Tools, Three-Phase
| 3phase_Spindle_238M.hex
| 3phase_Spindle_238M.hex
|-
|-
| [[Other_accessories|Spindle Tools, Single-Phase'']]
| Spindle Tools, Single-Phase
| DrillMill_236M_DC_SPINDLE.hex
| DrillMill_236M_DC_SPINDLE.hex
|-
|-
Line 66: Line 196:
! Firmware
! Firmware
|-
|-
| [[Inkjets|Inkjet Headss ''(Heat- and Piezo- based)'']]
| Inkjet Headss (Heat- and Piezo- based)
| LaserPWM_8L.hex
| LaserPWM_8L.hex
|-
|-
|}
|}


== Print Head / Hot Bed Values ==
=== Head / Bed Values ===
 
''Note: For CO<sub>2</sub> Lasers, Your acutal laser controller, on the Aux Heads tab, should be set to "Laser_40".''<br>
''Note: For CO<sub>2</sub> Lasers, Your safety/mirror/lens controller, on the Heads 1-5 tab, should be set to "CO2_Laser"''


Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on a head with flashing new default values to a head. I know - I didn't come up with the terms.
Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on a head with flashing new default values to a head. I know - I didn't come up with the terms.


Once your head has the proper firmware version running on it, you want to be sure that the values for the head are correct. Please consult the pages for [[Cold and Warm Flow]] and [[Hot Flow]] for our recommended values, then adjust for your custom environment as needed, determined through trial and observation.
This also used to be a lot of info to change, but now we have made it easier!


To change the values, click on the arrow at the top right (next page) or the temperature display area at the top left (previous page) of the displayed data for that head. Edit values as appropriate, and then on the last page, RIGHT-CLICK on the '''Flash''' button and then confirm that you want to overwrite the previous defaults with these values, then click '''Yes''' on the confirmation dialog box.
Right-click on the head (anywhere EXCEPT the "FLASH" button) and open the proper file for your head or bed:


[[File:Headdata_mk1-250.png]]
[[File:Loadfromfile1.png|250px]]


For our purposes, the hotbed and a printhead are controlled in the same manner.
And select the file for the device for which you wish to load the settings:


== V2 vs V3 ==
[[File:Loadfromfile2.png|500px]]


'''<span style="color: red;">Why is my head FLASHING RED?</span>'''
As with all settings, to store them as defaults, go to the last page and right-click FLASH:


Non-Hydra units shipping through spring 2017 ship with Repetrel version 2.x. Hydra units, and other units shipping as of summer 2017 will have version 3.x, and should consult the version 3.x tables, below. All units should be upgraded to 3.x when it is available. If you run a head with v2 settings on a v3 install, the background will '''<span style="color: red;">FLASH RED</span>'''; please make the changes for each head and right-click-flash these values on your heads:
[[File:Rcflash1.png|500px]]


# [[Cold_and_Warm_Flow#Settings_for_Cold_and_Warm_Flow_Heads|For Cold and Warm Flow (EMO, SDS, VOL, KRA, TAM, etc).]]
And then click YES:
# [[Hot_Flow#Settings_for_Hot_Flow_Heads|For Hot flow (MK*).]]


== Motion Controller Firmware ==
[[File:Rcflash2.png|250px]]


For the STM-429 and STM-407 Boards.
'''Old method:'''


Video instructions for flashing the 407 and 429 (Motion) Controllers: https://youtu.be/cFAFRkpLmww
Once your head has the proper firmware version running on it, you want to be sure that the values for the head are correct. Please consult the pages for [[Reservoir_Heads]] and [[Filament_Heads]] for our recommended values, then adjust for your custom environment as needed, determined through trial and observation.


Note that all units shipped since 2015 are internally cabled to automatically connect for flashing, so there should be no need to remove the rear cover or connect special cables.
To change the values, click on the arrow at the top right (next page) or the temperature display area at the top left (previous page) of the displayed data for that head. Edit values as appropriate, and then on the last page, RIGHT-CLICK on the '''Flash''' button and then confirm that you want to overwrite the previous defaults with these values, then click '''Yes''' on the confirmation dialog box.


# Launch Repetrel ( C:\Repetrel\bin\Repetrel.exe ).
[[File:Headdata_mk1-250.png]]
# Go to File > Update Firmware > Motion Controller
# Select the latest .dfu file for your machine from the table above.
# Your printer should show as "CONNECTED" in the firmware utility. <b>If it is not:</b>
## Access the Motion Controller.
## Change the vertical switch to BOOT CONFIG (away from the vertical switch).
## Reset the motion controller (small button left of the LED).
## You should now be CONNECTED.
# Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
# IF you had to change the switch, change it back and reset the motion controller.
# You are done.


{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 65%;"
For our purposes, the hotbed and a printhead are controlled in the same manner.
|+ Firmware Listing
! style="width: 20%;" | Printer Model
! style="width: 20%;" | Repetrel Version
! style="width: 20%;" | Firmware
|-
| All Hydra Models ''(3-, 4- and 5- axis)''
| Repetrel 3.082_x
| Hydra 3.082_x
|-
| Engine, High Resolution
| Repetrel 3.082_x
| Hydra 3.082_x
|-
|rowspan="2"| System 30M ''(and earlier Systems)''
| Repetrel 3.082_x
| Hyrel 3.082_x
|-
| Repetrel 2.865
| Version 2.414
|-
|rowspan="2"| Engine, Standard Resolution
| Repetrel 3.082_x
| Hyrel 3.082_x
|-
| Repetrel 2.865
| Version 2.414
|-
|}
 
== Motion Controller Values ==
 
Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on the motion controller with flashing new default values to the motion controller - again, not my terms.
 
We should always be sure that we're running not only with the correct version of the motion controller firmware, but that the values for the present model of equipment are being used. In Repetrel, under Settings > Printer, a dialog box will open with lots of numbers you may want to play with. Please don't change any values unless you're sure that they will do something that you want. We have default files for each model, and some users will want to save custom settings - like different park positions for different beds, or different maximum print speeds and acceleration parameters for more heavily outfitted yoke assemblies.
 
There is a utility to read and write configuration files on every PC running Repetrel v3 at <code>C:\repetrel\Printer Settings</code>, and you should run on (or at least start with) the configuration file for your model printer.
 
Please resist the urge to go tampering here without talking to us. There's probably a better way to achieve your desired end results.

Latest revision as of 19:20, 19 July 2021

New software will often require new firmware. New software packages always come with the latest firmware at the time the software was released; however, sometimes newer firmware is available.

There are two families of firmware; one for the Heads and Beds, or STM-103 boards, and another for the Motion Controllers, or STM-427 / STM-407 boards.

These steps are performed in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qbUzZM3vtg

Motion Controllers

To find out what version of Motion Controller Firmware you are on now:

Rep mc version info.png

Legend: RED text shows the version of SOFTWARE.
BLUE text shows the version of FIRMWARE.
MAGENTA text shows the COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL - USB or UART with port number.

Motion Controller Switches

Your motion controller (green STM407 on ESR and 30M printers, or blue STM32 on Hydra and EHR printers) has two switches.

The BOOT CONFIG switch can be set to SYSTEM (usually up or left - sometimes needed for flashing firmware) or FLASH (usually down or right). It should be set to FLASH for normal operations.

The unlabeled power switch can be set to USB (usually left or down - you should not need to use this setting) or 5Vin. It should be set to 5Vin for normal operations.

Note the RESET button, shown here above the USB connector and the LED. You need to RESET after changing any switch positions. All current printers also have a RESET button on the outside or inside of the chassis.

Images:

407 switches.jpg 429 switches.jpg

Motion Controller Firmware

For the STM-429 and STM-407 Boards.

Video instructions for flashing the 407 and 429 (Motion) Controllers: https://youtu.be/cFAFRkpLmww

Note that all units shipped since 2015 are internally cabled to automatically connect for flashing, so there should be no need to remove the rear cover or connect special cables.

You should always use the latest version of the release you are on, and we recommend that you upgrade to the most recent release (but this is not required).

  1. Launch Repetrel ( C:\Repetrel\bin\Repetrel.exe ).
  2. Go to File > Update Firmware > Motion Controller
  3. Select the latest .dfu file for your machine from the table below.
  4. Your printer should show as "CONNECTED" in the firmware utility. If it is not:
    1. Access the Motion Controller.
    2. Change the vertical switch to BOOT CONFIG (away from the vertical switch).
    3. Reset the motion controller (small button left of the LED).
    4. You should now be CONNECTED.
  5. Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
  6. IF you had to change the switch, change it back and reset the motion controller.
  7. You are done.
Firmware Listing
Printer Model Repetrel Version Firmware
All Hydra Models (3-, 4- and 5- axis) Repetrel 4.2.431 EngineHR_Hydra_4.200l.dfu (L)
Repetrel 3.084c Hydra 3.083m
Engine, High Resolution (EHR) Repetrel 4.2.431 EngineHR_Hydra_4.200l.dfu (L)
Repetrel 3.084c Hydra 3.083m
System 30M (and earlier Systems)
and Engine, Standard Resolution (ESR) 		Repetrel 4.2.431 EngineSR_30M_4.200l.dfu (L)
Repetrel 3.084c Hyrel 3.083m
Repetrel 2.865 Version 2.415
Repetrel 1.85 Version 1.85

Motion Controller Values

Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on the motion controller with flashing new default values to the motion controller - again, not my terms.

We should always be sure that we're running not only with the correct version of the motion controller firmware, but that the values for the present model of equipment are being used. In Repetrel, under Settings > Printer, a dialog box will open with lots of numbers you may want to play with. Please don't change any values unless you're sure that they will do something that you want. We have default files for each model, and some users will want to save custom settings - like different park positions for different beds, or different maximum print speeds and acceleration parameters for more heavily outfitted yoke assemblies.

There is a utility to read and write configuration files on every PC running Repetrel v3 at C:\repetrel\Printer Settings, and you should run on (or at least start with) the configuration file for your model printer.

Please resist the urge to go tampering here without talking to us. There's probably a better way to achieve your desired end results.

Heads and Beds (STM103 boards)

To find out what version(s) of Head/Bed Firmware you are on now:

V2 vs V3 vs V4

Why is my head FLASHING RED?

Non-Hydra units shipping through spring 2017 shiped with Repetrel version 2.x, and should be on the last version 2 release.

Hydra units, and other units shipping through spring 2019 shipped with version 3.x, and should be on the last version 3 release.

All units shipping after spring 2019 ship with version 4.x, and should be on the last version 4 release.

Please use the files in your C:\Repetrel\bin\firmware directory, since it is "paired" with your Repetrel version.

All units should be upgraded to the latest version when it is available. If you run a head with v2 settings on a v3 or later install, the background will FLASH RED; this DOES NOT mean that you need to flash new FIRMWARE - this DOES mean that you need to flash new VALUES to the head. Please make the changes noted for each head and right-click-flash these values on your heads:

  1. For Cold and Warm Flow (EMO, SDS, VOL, KRA, TAM, etc).
  2. For Hot flow (MK*).
  3. For the HotBed Controller, just define it as a print head, set the pulses to 10, redefine it as a hotbed, and flash these settings. Contact us for help.

Head bed version info v4.png

Head / Bed Firmware

For the STM-103 Boards. Consult the table below for the proper version. The wrong version WILL NOT WORK.

These files are included in the latest Repetrel download, and the latest Repetrel\bin directory download.

Video instructions for flashing the 103 (HH/HB) Controllers: https://youtu.be/yM8QMZBTb4o

  1. Launch Repetrel ( C:\Repetrel\bin\Repetrel.exe ).
  2. Go to File > Update Firmware > HotHead Controller (even for HotBeds).
  3. Navigate to the proper .hex file for your machine from the table below.
  4. Connect the ST-Link as shown in the video above.
  5. Click "Program" - the process takes a few seconds.
  6. You are mostly done - you still need to update the settings on each head and the hotbed, but that's easy now - see below.
Firmware Listing for Repetrel v4
Thankfully, this is now very simple:
All Heads Firmware
ALL HEADS Heads_Beds_103_4.050f.hex
Firmware Listing for Repetrel v2 and v3
Karl doesn't like me renaming these files, so...
Filament Heads Firmware
MK1-250 MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
MK1-250 with red RTDs (from pre-2015) _FIL_250_RED_235A.hex
MK2-250 MK1_2_PRTDClearWires_1A.hex
MK1-450 MK450_Caution_450C_45A.hex
Emulsion-Type Heads Firmware
ALL Emulsion-Type Heads Emo_Vol_Kra_Cod.52V.hex
Laser Heads and UV Pens Firmware
Diode Lasers on Repetrel v2.xs Laser_Diode_Shark_6N.hex
Diode and CO2 Lasers on Repetrel v3.x LaserPWM_8L.hex
Spindle Tools Firmware
Spindle Tools, Three-Phase 3phase_Spindle_238M.hex
Spindle Tools, Single-Phase DrillMill_236M_DC_SPINDLE.hex
Inkjet Heads Firmware
Inkjet Headss (Heat- and Piezo- based) LaserPWM_8L.hex

Head / Bed Values

Note: For CO2 Lasers, Your acutal laser controller, on the Aux Heads tab, should be set to "Laser_40".
Note: For CO2 Lasers, Your safety/mirror/lens controller, on the Heads 1-5 tab, should be set to "CO2_Laser"

Let's not confuse flashing a version of firmware on a head with flashing new default values to a head. I know - I didn't come up with the terms.

This also used to be a lot of info to change, but now we have made it easier!

Right-click on the head (anywhere EXCEPT the "FLASH" button) and open the proper file for your head or bed:

Loadfromfile1.png

And select the file for the device for which you wish to load the settings:

Loadfromfile2.png

As with all settings, to store them as defaults, go to the last page and right-click FLASH:

Rcflash1.png

And then click YES:

Rcflash2.png

Old method:

Once your head has the proper firmware version running on it, you want to be sure that the values for the head are correct. Please consult the pages for Reservoir_Heads and Filament_Heads for our recommended values, then adjust for your custom environment as needed, determined through trial and observation.

To change the values, click on the arrow at the top right (next page) or the temperature display area at the top left (previous page) of the displayed data for that head. Edit values as appropriate, and then on the last page, RIGHT-CLICK on the Flash button and then confirm that you want to overwrite the previous defaults with these values, then click Yes on the confirmation dialog box.

Headdata mk1-250.png

For our purposes, the hotbed and a printhead are controlled in the same manner.

Retrieved from "https://hyrel3d.in/wiki/index.php?title=Firmware&oldid=6312"