Reservoir Heads

Cold Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at room temperature, with or without UV Crosslinking.

Warm Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at elevated temperatures, with or without UV Crosslinking.

Materials for Cold and Warm Flow

Cold and Warm Flow heads are for printing as follows:

• With pastes, gels, emulsifiables or waxes.
• At room or elevated temperatures.
• With or without UV Crosslining.
• With Hyrel Nozzles (1.5mm, 2mm) or Luer Tips.

The following materials can be printed from Cold Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips.

• 3P Quick Cure Clay
• Adhesives
• Clay, Generic
• Epoxy, Two-part
• Fimo
• Glue
• Kato
• Metal Clay, including Precious Metal Clay (PMC)
• Modeling Clay
• PEG PolyEthylene Glycol
• Porcelain
• Plasticine
• Play-Doh
• Resins
• RTV Silicone
• Sculpey
• Sugru

The following materials can be printed from Warm Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips, or may print more easily at higher temperatures.

• Adhesives
• Fimo
• Kato
• Glue
• PCL
• Plasticine
• Resins
• Sculpey
• Wax

Heads for Cold and Warm Flow

Cold Flow is available through the following heads:

• 

  EMO-25

• 

  COD-25

• 

  SDS-5, SDS-10,
  SDS-30, SDS-60

• 

  CSD-5, CSD-10,
  CSD-30, CSD-60

• SMH-2 Static Mixing Head

Warm Flow is available through the following heads:

• 

  VOL-25

• 

  VCD-25

• 

  KRA-15

• 

  KCD-15

• Overview of the EMO and COD Heads
• Overview of the SDS and CSD Heads
• Overview of the VOL and VCD Heads
• Overview of the KRA and KCD Heads
• Overview of the SMH-2 Head

EMO-Type Head Comparison

Temperature >	Ambient	Up to 75°C	Up to 100°C	Up to 150°C
No Crosslinking	EMO-25 SDS-5, -10, -30, -60 SMH-2	VSD-30	VOL-25	KRA-15 KR2-15
With Crosslinking	COD-25 CSD-5, -10, -30, -60	VCS-30	VCD-25	KCD-15 KC2-15

So, what do these goofy designations actually stand for?

EMO: Emulsifiables at Room Temperature - Low to Medium Viscosity

COD: Emulsifiables T Room Temperature with Crosslink On Demand - Low to Medium Viscosity

VOL: Volcano: Heated (up to 100°C) Emulsifiables - Low to Medium Viscosity

VCD: Volcanic Crosslink on Demand - Low to Medium Viscosity

KRA: Krakatoa: Heated (up to 150°C) Emulsifiables - High Viscosity

KCD: Krakatoic Crosslink on Demand - High Viscosity

KR2: Krakatoa v2: a more robust KRA head with a double gasketed plunger hotter, more viscous Emulsifiables - Very High Viscosity

KC2: Krakatoic Crosslink v2; KR2 with Crosslink - Very High Viscosity

SDS: Syringe Dispensing System (uses disposable plastic syringes at room temperature) - Low Viscosity

CSD: Crosslinking Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

HSD: Heated (formerly Volcanic) Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

CHS: Crosslinking Heated (formerly Volcanic) Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

DSD: Dual Syringe Dispenser, dispensing two-part mixtures at a fixed ratio - Low to Medium Viscosity

SMH: Static Mixing Head, blending your ratio of material through a baffled nozzle - Low to Medium Viscosity

As of Nov 2016, the latest firmware is 32V, included with Repetrel 2.828.

Research Papers Citing Hyrel Cold Flow

• A Novel Approach to Integrating 3D/4D Printing and Stretchable Conductive Adhesive Technologies for High Frequency Packaging Applications
• Additive Manufacturing of Planar Inductor for Power Electronics Applications
• Bioactive Nanoengineered Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Growth-Factor-Free Approach in The American Chemical Society's ACS Nano
• Design and Fabrication of 3D Printed Scaffolds with a Mechanical Strength Comparable to Cortical Bone to Repair Large Bone Defects in Nature.com's Scientific Reports
• Emulsion Inks for 3D Printing of High Porosity Materials in the Macromolecular Journals

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads

Some settings for the EMO-Type heads (like temperature, prime/unprime values) will vary, depending on what material you are printing with. Nozzle diameter should accurately reflect what nozzle you have loaded (1.6mm is default) AND what path width you sliced for. Temperature commands will be ignored by heads with no temperature control. Having said that, here are our default shipping settings:

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads with METAL Reservoirs

Settings	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)
	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 Ratio	100:1 KR2
Material
Type	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom
Color	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)
Nozzle	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600
Layer	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Temp Info
Print Temp	35	35	35	35	35
Power Factor	100	100	100	100	100
Minimum	0	0	0	0	0
Maximum	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200
Overrides
Pulses	1.600	2.300	4.700	9.000	14.75
Feed Rate %	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Prime Please note that Prime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	600	800	1000	4000	6000
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	120	400	200
Before Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1
Unprime Please note that Unprime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	500	650	800	3500	5000
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	120	400	200
After Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1
Offsets
Clone Head	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off
X	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Y	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Z	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Head Info
Model	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)
RTD Type	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD
Motor Current	High	High	High	High	High
Step Mode	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth
* Thanks to Yasmine at VT for the precise calculation.
Settings	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 Ratio	100:1 KR2
	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads with PLASTIC Reservoirs

Settings	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)					SDS, CSD, HSD, and CHS Heads (Various Tube Diameters, Standard Gear Ratios)				DSD-50 (1:1)
	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 Ratio	100:1 KR2	5cc	10cc	30cc	60cc	DSD-50
Material
Type	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom
Color	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)
Nozzle	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600
Layer	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Temp Info
Print Temp	35	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Power Factor	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Minimum	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maximum	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0	0	0	0	0
Overrides
Pulses	1.600	2.300	4.700	9.000	14.750	0.750	0.580*	0.225	0.150	0.150
Feed Rate %	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Prime Please note that Prime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	600	800	1000	4000	6000	200	200	300	500	500
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	120	400	200	100	100	100	100	1000
Before Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Unprime Please note that Unprime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	500	650	800	3500	5000	160	160	225	400	400
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	120	400	200	100	100	100	100	1000
After Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Offsets
Clone Head	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off
X	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Y	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Z	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Head Info
Model	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)
RTD Type	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD
Motor Current	High	High	High	High	High	High	High	High	High	High
Step Mode	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth
* Thanks to Yasmine at VT for the precise calculation.
Settings	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 Ratio	100:1 KR2	5cc	10cc	30cc	60cc	DSD-50
	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)					SDS, CSD, VSD, and CVS Heads (Various Tube Diameters, Standard Gear Ratios)				DSD-50 (1:1)