Reservoir Heads

Cold Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at room temperature, with or without UV Crosslinking.

Warm Flow is our term for fluid or emulsified (non-filament-based) materials which are deposited at elevated temperatures, with or without UV Crosslinking.

Materials for Cold and Warm Flow

Cold and Warm Flow heads are for printing as follows:

• With pastes, gels, emulsifiables or waxes.
• At room or elevated temperatures.
• With or without UV Crosslining.
• With Hyrel Nozzles (1.5mm, 2mm) or Luer Tips.

The following materials can be printed from Cold Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips.

• 3P Quick Cure Clay
• Adhesives
• Clay, Generic
• Epoxy, Two-part
• Fimo
• Glue
• Kato
• Metal Clay, including Precious Metal Clay (PMC)
• Modeling Clay
• PEG PolyEthylene Glycol
• Porcelain
• Plasticine
• Play-Doh
• Resins
• RTV Silicone
• Sculpey
• Sugru

The following materials can be printed from Warm Flow heads. Note that more viscous materials may not be suitable for plastic syringes or smaller luer tips, or may print more easily at higher temperatures.

• Adhesives
• Fimo
• Kato
• Glue
• PCL
• Plasticine
• Resins
• Sculpey
• Wax

Heads for Cold and Warm Flow

Cold Flow is available through the following heads:

• 

  EMO-25

• 

  COD-25

• 

  SDS-5, SDS-10,
  SDS-30, SDS-60

• 

  CSD-5, CSD-10,
  CSD-30, CSD-60

• SMH-2 Static Mixing Head

Warm Flow is available through the following heads:

• 

  VOL-25

• 

  VCD-25

• 

  KRA-15

• 

  KCD-15

• Overview of the EMO and COD Heads
• Data Sheet for the EMO and COD Heads
• Overview of the SDS and CSD Heads
• Data Sheet for the SDS and CSD Heads
• Overview of the VOL and VCD Heads
• Data Sheet for the VOL and VCD Heads
• Overview of the KRA and KCD Heads
• Data Sheet for the KRA and KCD Heads
• Overview of the SMH-2 Head

EMO-Type Head Comparison

Temperature >	Ambient	Up to 75°C	Up to 100°C	Up to 150°C
No Crosslinking	EMO-25 SDS-5, -10, -30, -60 SMH-2	HSD-30	VOL-25	KRA-15 KR2-15
With Crosslinking	COD-25 CSD-5, -10, -30, -60	HCS-30	VCD-25	KCD-15 KC2-15

So, what do these goofy designations actually stand for?

EMO: Emulsifiables at Room Temperature - Low to Medium Viscosity

COD: Emulsifiables T Room Temperature with Crosslink On Demand - Low to Medium Viscosity

VOL: Volcano: Heated (up to 100°C) Emulsifiables - Low to Medium Viscosity

VCD: Volcanic Crosslink on Demand - Low to Medium Viscosity

KRA: Krakatoa: Heated (up to 200°C) Emulsifiables - High Viscosity

KCD: Krakatoic Crosslink on Demand - High Viscosity

KR2: Krakatoa v2: a more robust KRA head with a double gasketed plunger hotter, more viscous Emulsifiables - Very High Viscosity

KC2: Krakatoic Crosslink v2; KR2 with Crosslink - Very High Viscosity

TAM: Tambora: Heated (up to 300°C) Emulsifiables - High Viscosity

TCD: Tamboric Crosslink on Demand - High Viscosity

SDS: Syringe Dispensing System (uses disposable plastic syringes at room temperature) - Low Viscosity

CSD: Crosslinking Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

HSD: Heated (formerly Volcanic) Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

CHS: Crosslinking Heated (formerly Volcanic) Syringe Dispensing System - Low to Medium Viscosity

DSD: Dual Syringe Dispenser, dispensing two-part mixtures at a fixed ratio - Low to Medium Viscosity

SMH: Static Mixing Head, blending your ratio of material through a baffled nozzle - Low to Medium Viscosity

As of Nov 2016, the latest firmware is 32V, included with Repetrel 2.828.

Research Papers Citing Hyrel Cold and Warm Flow

• UV-curable Ferrite Paste for Additive Manufacturing of Power Magnetics by a team from Virginia Tech
• Tailoring the Porosity and Microstructure of Printed Graphene Electrodes via Polymer Phase Inversion by a team from Northwestern University
• Injectable Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Cell Delivery and Bioprinting by a team by a team from three disciplines of Texas A&M University.
• Feasibility of Printing 3D Bone Models for Education at TUCVM at ResearchGate
• Shear-Thinning and Thermo-Reversible Nanoengineered Inks for 3D Bioprinting in the American Chemical Society's Applied Materials & Interfaces Journal
• Design and Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Permeability Magnetic Cores, in 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
• Nanoengineered Colloidal Inks for 3D Bioprinting in The American Chemical Society's Langmuir
• 4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers in The American Chemical Society's ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• Combustion-Assisted Photonic Annealing of Printable Graphene Inks via Exothermic Binders, by a team from Northwestern Univeristy
• In Vitro Evaluation of 3D Bbioprinted Tri-Polymer Network Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration, by Stephanie Bendtsen and Mei Wei, in The Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
• Self-Actuating 3D Printed Packaging for Deployable Antennas, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE)
• Enabling Process Intensification via 3D Printing of Catalytic Structures by Muxina Konarova (and others), University of Queensland
• 3D Bioprinting for Musculoskeletal Applications by Alexander Popov, Sara Malferrari, & Deepak M Kalaskar in Future Medicine
• UV-assisted 3D-printing of Soft Ferrite Magnetic Components for Power Electronics Integration by Dr. Y. Yan (and others), Virginia Tech
• Alginate Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Regeneration by Stephanie T. Bendtsen of The University of Connecticut
• Fabrication of Biomimetic Bone Grafts with Multi-Material 3D Printing by Nicholas Sears et. al., of the Biomedical Engineering Department of Texas A&M University.
• Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Components for Heterogeneous Integration by Dr. Y. Yan (and others), Virginia Tech
• Nanoengineered Eggshell–Silver Tailored Copolyester Polymer Blend Film with Antimicrobial Properties by the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine of Tuskegee University
• Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Components for Heterogeneous Integration by Dr. Y. Yan (and others), Virginia Tech
• Die-Less MIM-style Additive Manufacturing with Controlled Porosity: A Proof of Concept by the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Lehigh University
• 3D Printed Energetics by the Weapons and Combat Systems Division of the Australian Department of Defense
• Development of 3D printed Ceramic scaffolds for Treatment of Segmental Bone Defects from The Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit of the Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Department of The University of Sydney
• Graduate Abstract: Dynamic increase in matrix stiffness promotes invasive tumor phenotype in vivo from multiple organizations, at BioMaterials.org
• 3D Printing of High Porosity, Biodegradable Foams with Cure on Dispense - Presentation by Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernández of Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University
• Design Methodology and Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Components - PhD Thesis of Y. Yan, Virginia Tech
• Bioprinting Defined Heterogeneous Cellular Microenvironments from The Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit of the Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Department of The University of Sydney
• A Novel Approach to Integrating 3D/4D Printing and Stretchable Conductive Adhesive Technologies for High Frequency Packaging Applications
• Additive Manufacturing of Planar Inductor for Power Electronics Applications
• Bioactive Nanoengineered Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Growth-Factor-Free Approach in The American Chemical Society's ACS Nano
• Design and Fabrication of 3D Printed Scaffolds with a Mechanical Strength Comparable to Cortical Bone to Repair Large Bone Defects in Nature.com's Scientific Reports
• Emulsion Inks for 3D Printing of High Porosity Materials in the Macromolecular Journals
• Influence of Shear Thinning and Material Flow on Robotic Dispensing of PEG in The American Chemical Society's ACS Nano

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads

Non-Hydra units shipping through spring 2017 ship with Repetrel version 2.x. Hydra units, and other units shipping as of summer 2017 will have version 3.x, and should consult the version 3.x tables, below. All units should be upgraded to 3.x when it is available.

Values for version 2.x will be inicated in this manner.
Values for version 3.x will be inicated in this manner.

Some settings for the EMO-Type heads (like temperature, prime/unprime values) will vary, depending on what material you are printing with. Nozzle diameter should accurately reflect what nozzle you have loaded (1.6mm is default) AND what path width you sliced for. Temperature commands will be ignored by heads with no temperature control. Having said that, below are our default shipping settings.

METAL Reservoir Heads

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads with METAL Reservoirs

Settings	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)
	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 KRA	100:1 KR2
Material
Type	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom
Color	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)
Nozzle	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600
Layer	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Temp Info
Print Temp	35	35	35	35	35
Power Factor	100	100	100	100	100
Minimum	0	0	0	0	0
Maximum	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200	0/100/200
Overrides
Pulses: v2.x	1.6	2.3	4.7	9.0	15.0
Pulses: v3.x	176	256	517	990	1650
Feed Rate %	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Prime Please note that Prime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	600	800	1000	4000	6000
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	100	400	600
Before Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1
Unprime Please note that Unprime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	500	650	800	3000	5000
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms): v2.x	100	100	100	300	500
Dwell Time (ms): v3.x	-100	-100	-100	-300	-500
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	100	400	200
After Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1
Offsets
Clone Head	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off
X	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Y	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Z	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Head Info
Model	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)
RTD Type	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD
Motor Current	High	High	High	High	High
Step Mode	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth
Settings	19:1 Ratio	27:1 Ratio	51:1 Ratio	100:1 Ratio	100:1 KR2
	EMO, VOL, KRA, COD, VCD, KCD Heads and New KR2 (17mm Tubes, Various Gear Ratios)

PLASTIC Reservoir Heads

Settings for Cold and Warm Flow Heads with PLASTIC Reservoirs

Settings	SDS, CSD, HSD, and CHS Heads (Various Tube Diameters, Standard Gear Ratios)					DSD-50 (1:1)
	1cc ET	5cc	10cc	30cc	60cc	DSD-50
Material
Type	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom	Custom
Color	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)	(any)
Nozzle	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600	1.600
Layer	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Temp Info
Print Temp	0	0	0	0* *35 for HSD	0	0
Power Factor	100	100	100	100	100	100
Minimum	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maximum	0	0	0	0* *75 for HSD	0	0
Overrides
Pulses: v2.x	5.80	0.75	0.58	0.225	0.15	0.15
Pulses: v3.x	10.4	81	62.5	24.3	16.2	16.2
Feed Rate %	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Prime Please note that Prime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	500	200	200	300	500	1
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms)	100	100	100	100	100	1
Before Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1	1
Unprime Please note that Unprime values will vary greatly from those shown, depending on the compressibility of your material.
Steps	400	160	160	225	400	1
Rate	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Dwell Time (ms): v2.x	100	100	100	100	100	1
Dwell Time (ms): v3.x	-31	-31	-31	-38	-55	-1
After Tool Change	1	1	1	1	1	1
Offsets
Clone Head	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off	Off
X	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Y	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Z	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000	0,000
Head Info
Model	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)	(varies)
RTD Type	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD	1k PLAT_RTD
Motor Current	High	High	High	High	High	High
Step Mode	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth	Sixteenth
Settings	1cc ET	5cc	10cc	30cc	60cc	DSD-50
	SDS, CSD, HSD, and CHS Heads (Various Tube Diameters, Standard Gear Ratios)					DSD-50 (1:1)